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Portuguese Angolan ((ポルトガル語:luso-angolano)) is a person of Portuguese descent born or permanently living in Angola. ==History== In 1482, Portuguese caravels commanded by Diogo Cão arrived in the Congo. Other expeditions followed, and close relations were soon established between the two states. The Portuguese brought firearms and many other technological advances, as well as a new religion (Christianity); in return, the King of the Congo offered plenty of slaves, ivory, and minerals. The Portuguese colony of Angola was founded in 1575 with the arrival of Paulo Dias de Novais with a hundred families of colonists and four hundred soldiers. Luanda was granted the status of city in 1605. Some Portuguese settlers married native Africans resulting in a mixed-race (''mulato'', later generally called ''mestiço'') population. Angola was declared a formal Portuguese province in the 19th century, but only in the early 20th century did the mainland government allow large-scale white emigration and settlement to Angola and its other provinces. In the 1960s, Angola had up to 350,000 Portuguese settlers,〔http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAF090.pdf〕 who significantly contributed to its economy. As the Angolan war of independence began in 1961, triggering off a late colonial development of Angola, there was an influx of Portuguese military personnel, as well as civil servants and other people.〔Contrary to the settlers which often had lived in Angola for two or even three generations, the Portuguese arriving during the last phase of colonial occupation did not become identified with Angola.〕 As a consequence, the number of Portuguese living in Angola went up to about 350,000.〔Gerald J.Bender & P. Stanley Yoder, "Whites in Angola on the Eve of Independence", ''Africa Today', 21 (4) 1974, pp. 23 - 37〕 This number would have been higher, had a significant part of the settlers not left for other countries, especially Namibia, Brazil, South Africa and the United States. While most whites then living in Angola sided with Portugal's efforts to suppress the anti-colonial revolt, a minority sympathized with the nationalist movements, and a few even joined them in their fight. The Angolan author Pepetela is among these. When the Salazar regime in Portugal was abolished by a military coup in Portugal, in 1974, and independence was granted to the colonies by the new government, whites overwhelmingly left Angola after independence in 1975. Most of them went to Portugal, where they were called ''retornados'' and were not always welcomed, while others moved to neighboring Namibia (then a South African territory), South Africa or Brazil,〔(Portuguese Immigration (History) )〕 or United States. Among the departed Portuguese civilians, many were able to take with them only a single suitcase, while some were able to dispatch their household goods and even cars by ship. The majority left everything behind. They boarded planes at Luanda's Craveiro Lopes Airport at the rate of 500 a day, but there were not enough flights to cover demand.〔(MOZAMBIQUE: Dismantling the Portuguese Empire )〕 On arrival in Portugal, those who had been able to draw their savings in Angola could not exchange more than 5,000 Angolan esculos (about USD 200) into Portuguese escudos.〔https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1975LUANDA01275_b.html〕 Back in Angola, the new government gave all remaining Portuguese settlers a few months period to choose between Angolan citizenship or to leave the country. A significant minority of them opted for Angola and some of them actively took part in the (Civil War ), generally on the side of the MPLA. After Angola abandoned in 1991 the socialist regime adopted at independence in 1975, many Portuguese Angolans returned to Angola. Due to Angola's economic boom, which started in the 1990s, an increasing number of Portuguese without previous attachment to Angola have migrated to Angola for economic reasons, most importantly the recent national economic boom.〔(), ''Radio Televisão Portuguesa'', September 13, 2008〕 As of 2008, Angola was the preferred destination for Portuguese migrants in Africa.〔 Portuguese nationals numbered an estimated 120,000 in 2011, reaching about 200,000 in 2013.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Portuguese Angolans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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